Edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Edit - Essay Example In order to reduce the cost factor, the company has to organize some of the training programs internally, in stead of outsourcing all the training courses. Of course the organization will need additional massive increase of the funding as a result of the need to provide incentives, promotions, bonuses and special allowances. The improvement of service speed demands has training of worker as the initial step of implementation. The services rendered by all waiters expose the fact that employees do not value customer service. This is because new processes and systems create unbearable pressure the workers. Training enables the workers to release the pressure in an ethical manner by working professionally. The implementation of the proposed solution ought to begins immediately. The determining factor is to ensure that there is enough work force and finances. It begins with employee training which is expected to take a maximum of two weeks. The training is to be conducted using a number of subject modules such as: The next step is to allow the workers to apply the knowledge and experience in their practical work. Their services after training ought to demonstrate change of work culture and ethics, characterized by increased speed of work and reduction in customer complains. The third step is to monitor the financial implications of the results and award performances. There is need to ensure that there is enough workforce to serve the number of customers without straining. As the number of customers increase, the organization can increase the number of workers gradually to meet the demand. The strategic management ought to implement the program immediately to realize the strategic objectives. This is because time is one of the limited resources and ought to be utilized wisely. The chosen solution will satisfy the organization by educating the workers about the core objective, one of which is to offer quality customer service. In

Analytic Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytic Argument - Essay Example Ume Hanazono was the pen name adopted by Tome to write haikus. As a mother she performed all the household activities as were expected by all the Japanese women and as a writer, she wrote with Japanese style of writing poetry, the haiku. In Japanese traditional families, the men are given the authority and dominance over women and they are also allowed to exercise their control over their wives, daughters and other women of family. Tome’s husband was a traditional male and enjoyed his authority over his family (Cheung 1991). He disliked his wife’s freedom to write haikus and showed his disgust on multiple occasions in the story. For example, at one night when the family went to Hayano’s family in the neighboring town, Tome’s husband without caring about the embarrassment her wife is going to face started to leave the house without taking her care and giving her any time to discuss her interests. Tome’s husband showed displeasure with Tome’s a ct of discussing haiku with Mr. Hayano. Tome’s husband believes in the values of Japanese tradition and thinks that a woman should do as her husband wishes and also that her topmost duty is to manage her household. Domestic life is given utmost importance. Tome’s husband being a traditional husband did not want his authority to be challenged and thinks that the haiku writing passion of her wife is a kind of challenge to his authority. Due to this fact, he shows entirely disliking for her wife’s creativity of haiku writing. However, as far as Tome is concerned, she is shown as a rebellious woman in terms of Japanese society as she continues to write haikus without caring her husband’s disgust for her passion (Yogi 1997). She does not work according to the norms of the society. With the support of her haiku writing, she is trying to gain power over her house. After migrating to America, she gets a chance to rebel against the traditional norms of Japanese society. She sees her

The Historical Evolution of Town and Country Planning in Australia and Internationally Essay Example for Free

The Historical Evolution of Town and Country Planning in Australia and Internationally Essay Despite the profession of planning being a relatively recent creation, Planning has existed in some form since the beginning of human settlement itself. Whether it is the ancient cities of the Old World or the global metropolises of today, every urban environments display some degree of planning in their design and function (Smith, 2007). However, just as cities have evolved over time, so to have the approaches taken to planning and the philosophies behind them. This evolution of Town and Country Planning forms a long and complex history which encompasses a wide breadth of ideas. Reflecting upon this history, several key movements can be identified: The origins of Planning in the 19th century, the Modernist era of the early 20th century and the Postmodernist era that followed. This paper will focus on these key movements. Historical Planning During the 19th century, cities were subject to increasing industrialization accompanied by rapid population growth and urban expansion. This lead to overcrowding, congestion, slums and lack of sanitation (Hall 1992). Growing public protest in the form of protests and labour strikes in countries like Britain led to the implementation of various reform measures such as the Public Health Act of 1848 and the Labouring Classes’ Dwellings Houses Act of 1866. These went some way to relieving these pressures (Maginn 2011) by setting minimal standards for health and housing, resulting in for increased living standards by the century’s end. During this time, planning was used mostly by private companies as a tool to increase productivity by improving the health of the working population (Cowan 2010). The higher living standards and economic prosperity this created lead to planning philosophy changing its focus from providing housing and improving cities to beautifying them (Bluestone M, 1988). This City Beautiful movement focused on civic beautification and the construction of monuments. The term ‘beautility’ was used to describe the theory that a beautiful city must also be functional one. (Freestone et al 2000) However, these changes led some to question if further improvements could be made. By the end of the 19th century, basic ideas about urban planning were well developed. These ideas had ‘underlying utopian aspirations that influenced the attitudes and procedures planners’ (Akoi, K 1993). The Garden City is possibly the best example of this, as an optimistic attempt to unite broad utopian ideals with the planning lessons of the past into a a specific plan. ( http://faculty. tamu-commerce. edu/jsun/racespaceplace. pdf) First outlined by Ebenezer Howard in To-Morrow (1898), the Garden City became a major force in the historical planning era that influenced planners worldwide. According to Hall 1992 (Hall 1992b), Howard argued that a new type of garden-city settlement could uniquely combine all the advantages of the town such as employment and access to services, as well as the advantages of country life, without any of the disadvantages of either. His proposal for creating such a settlement rested on the notion of decentralization, the movement of workers and their places of employment away from the city and into the new settlements isolated by wide greenbelts. Howard proposed the development of numerous Garden Cities, each with 30,000 inhabitants. Despite wide support from planners of the time, only two attempts were made at garden cities, Letchworth in 1903 and Welywyn in 1920, both of which never fully realized the goals of the movement. Mordernist Planning The Radiant City As the world entered the 20th century, planning philosophies evolved further. In Europe, Swiss-born architect Charles Edouard Jenneret, known as Le Corbusier, put forward radical planning proposals, which built on the ideas of Howard and his predecessors. Le Corbusier’s ideas and philosophies are contained in The City of tomorrow (1922) and The Radiant City (1933). These books outlined Le Courbuisers planning philosophies, centered around the idea of high density achieved through the construction of enormous skyscrapers, surrounded by open garden spaces and serviced by a highly efficient transport system of superhighways and railways grade separated from the inhabited realm (Hall 1993c). His proposals for a large-scale implementation of this phisosophy, outlined in his Plan Voisin Pour Paris, were never realized, though his ideas were implemented at a smaller scale around Europe in the postwar period following World War II, such as the Unite dHabitation in Marseilles. By the 1960’s many planners began to question the effectiveness of Le Corbusier’s proposals (Hall 1992d), and today many critics condemn his plans entirely, such as such as Dalrymple 2009 who views them as ‘soulless’ and ‘totalitarian’ in nature. However, it cannot be denied that his radical ideas had a major and lasting impact on the evolution of town and country planning (Hall 1992e). The Broadacre City While Le Corbusier was a proponent of density, American architect Frank Lloyd Wright was not. The two men were influenced by many of the same sources, but their visions were very different. Developed between 1932 and 1959, Broadacre City was a proposal for a sprawling city of large lots, farms and industry spread across the countryside serviced by network of superhighways (Brown 2007) While it was never built, Today’s critics have drawn parallels between it and the sprawling sub-urban expansion that defined the postwar reconstruction period in Australia and around the world. Postmodernist Planning Suburbia Thompson (2007) asserts that the postwar reconstruction of the 1950’s linked town and country planning with housing concerns to an extent not seen since planning’s beginnings in the 19th century. In Australia, master plans were created for cities, all of which reflected international planning philosophies of the time (Thompson 2007), supporting unlimited outward expansion, low-density residential development, car-oriented transport networks. In North America, this evolution was even more pronounced. Similar suburban developments were created, but on an unprecedented scale, with approximately 75 percent of North American housing stock built since World War II (Hirch 1983). These planning practices continued unabated until the 1970’s, when the effects of this planner began to be questioned (Thompson 2007). New Urbanism The end of the 20th century has seen the beginnings of yet another stage in the evolution of Town and Country Planning. Originating in the 1980’s, New Urbanism is a planning philosophy that promotes the construction of dense communities integrated with well-designed public spaces (Maginn 2011). According to Hikichi 2003, It promotes mixed residential unit types that are supportive of differing income levels, protection of the environment, less reliance on automobiles through he use of walking and bicycles for transport as well as the development of public transit and transit oriented development. In addition, New Urbanism supports having a town center that is within walking distance from all residential units that open space for public use. Conclusion It is clear that Town and Country Planning has a long and complex history, influenced by changing social, political, economic and environmental philosophies of both governments and private companies and planners. From its beginnings in 19th century Britain, through its modernist period and into its current postmodernist phase, planning has left both negative and positive impacts upon the urban environment. However, this history has not been ignored and planners of today utilize the lessons learnt from the planners of the past in order to plan as well as possible, as shown in the positive changes to planning practices as it has evolved. All approaches to planning have had a permanent impact on our urban environment, the results of which impact people today and will continue to do so into the future.

An Analysis of the Form and Ideology of Hedgehog in the Fog :: Film Movie Hedgehog Fog Essays

An Analysis of the Form and Ideology of Hedgehog in the Fog The animation, ?Hedgehog in the Fog?, tells the story of an inquisitive hedgehog passing through a wood to visit his friend the bear cub to count the stars. It has won numerous awards for it?s style and originality after it?s release by Yuri Bonsovich Norstein (1941 - to date) and his small crew at the Soyuzmultfilm studios in Moscow in 1975. ?Hedgehog in the Fog? is the fifth of Norstein?s six completed works. All have a deceptive simplicity, a faux naivetà ®ehat begs a deeper understanding of their origins and implications. Norstein has a very original, particular style to his animations and the purpose of this essay is to critically analyse the form and ideology of one of his animations with the intention of discovering what it is that makes his artwork so unique and has led to him being regarded as one of the greatest animators in history?. The method by which this will be done will be to firstly report the elements and functions that went into forming Norstein?s animations and ?Hedgehog in the Fog? in particular, then to analyse how these elements .mix with his personal influences to imply further meaning within his work. The hedgehog?s journey begins as he enters the wood carrying a bag of sweets for the bear, and unknowingly stalked by an owl. He pauses for a moment to entertain himself by calling into a well and listening to his echo, the owl does the same. Continuing he sees a white horse standing in the fog and is concerThed~~s to whether it might suffocate should it lie down, and so enters the fo~ff~.i*eIf just to ?see what it was like?. Once within, the fog itself becomes a great part of the plot, revealing and hiding a number of characters that amaze, help or alarm him, or all three. All the while the bear cub is heard calling the hedgehog, with great concern, in the distance. At one point, becoming enthralled with a large tree, the hedgehog loses his sweets, only to have them returned to him by a dog. Finally after accidentally slipping into a stream and being saved from drowning by a fish the hedgehog finds his friend the bear who fusses over him incessantly having been worried as to his whe reabouts. The film ends with the hedgehog deep in thought about everything that had happened.

MHCC is just for Me Essay

When I graduated high school, I knew that if I wanted to get ahead in life I was going to have to get into college. Not knowing exactly what I wanted to be when I grew up, made me worry about spending money on a traditional four year university. I realized that there were several cheaper options for a higher education were around my area. Starting my education at a community college seemed like the right step for me once I understood that the credits would all transfer to a university that I could choose at a later date. This was my first sensible step towards furthering my education. The problem was trying to decide which college to go to. I had to choose from Portland community college (PCC), Clackamas (CCC) or Mount Hood (MHCC). After sorting through the pros and cons, some of which were proximity to home and work, class availability and, helpful resources, it became clear which college was right for me. MHCC was my choice because it convenient for me. When choosing which community college to attend, the first thought was the distance from both work and home. I knew that I needed a place that was close enough to where I work so that I could take as many classes as I needed and not have to worry that I am going to be late for work because of traffic or some other distraction. Another reason that I need a place that was close is to save gas, as I am currently paying my own tuition and saving money is essential for a financially deprived student. It turns out Mt. Hood is only five miles away from my house, and even more convenient was that it was right down the street from where I work. With MHCC being so close to my work and home and I am only late to class because of my oversleeping. I have also been able to fit in extra classes every semester because of the time I save to squeeze it in without having to ask for any additional time off from work. I am currently working part time job at Bi-Mart so flexibility with scheduling is necessity for my schooling. My current situation for school is that I get to decide which two days I am off, and with those two days I can create my school schedule. MHCC scheduling is so convenient because that the same class that I may need could be taught by several different instructors which all have different times and different days allowing me to shape a schedule that will fit. This has really allowed me to appreciate the classes that are held twice a week for that reason. My usually schedule for school can sometimes take me all day. It starts with a morning class around eight all the way through the day until an evening course till around eight. Without the classes held only two days a week I don’t know how long it would take for me to graduate. One of the resources that I keep constantly using at Mt. Hood is the Learning Center’s tutors up on the second floor of the main campus l ibrary. I know that I am not the only student in the class room, so when I cannot get a meeting with the teacher to go over class items that I do not understand clearly I go to the tutor center. When I am up there I can receive all the help that I need for any school work that I am behind in. I know this because I go to the math tutor all the time for help just to get help that I need. I also have gone to the writing tutor in the past to help with papers that I get stuck on. I know that I am not a very strong writer and not all the rules of grammar stick with me, so knowing that there is a person that can help me makes me a more confident student and it makes me feel like I can achieve more. The convenience of the tutoring center has allowed me to be a better student. To be honest without MHCC, I don’t know if I would have the drive to go to another school. When thinking about the future it makes me cringe sometimes. If anything I have learned from working at Bi-Mart, I know that working dead end jobs as a lifestyle is not going to be in my best interest if I want to achieve something in my life. For that I consider Mount Hood to be a great school to attend. I am glad that I could find a school that could fit into my life and my future goals. At MHCC I have learned so much, and have improved both my writing and math. I know that furthering myself with an education is only going to benefit me in the time ahead and with the education at Mt. Hood I know that when I am able to transfer to that four year university I know that I will have the tools to be able to succeed not only there but beyond the university as well.

Socioeconomic Status And Low Achievement For African...

While studies have shown there’s a correlation between socioeconomic status and low achievement for African American Teens. There are valuable resources that can be used to help improve Urban Education including mentoring programs, after school programs, peer-to-peer activities, skill building career development, and cultural activities. After school programs have always been a staple in the lives of students living in Urban Communities providing different opportunities inside and outside of the school. Many programs have used mentoring and afterschool programs to help bridge the gap between secondary education and higher education. But, the effects of socioeconomic status has continued to contribute to the prevention of African Americans entering postsecondary institutions (NCES 2007). It seems that the issues preventing African American students are deeper than statistics and need a different approach to tackle this issue. It’s common knowledge that people who have h igher education are more likely to succeed, having better paying jobs. African Americans have one of lowest higher education graduation rate in the country, the NCES reported in 2009-2010 that the number of African American graduates was 164,844 compared to their Caucasian counterparts with 1,167,499. African Americans made up 10% of all graduates in 2010 (NCES 2012). Although the statistics show a huge gap between African Americans and Caucasian, African Americans are progressing and increasingShow MoreRelatedEducational Issue Involving Adolescents . Many People Blame1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstereotyping, racial judgements, and socioeconomic status. According to a study conducted by Aprile D. Benner, Alaina E. Boyle, and Sydney Sadler, American youth have made major strides in progressing in education in recent years. They also note that high school dropout rates are at an all-time low. 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Uses of operational research in business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1520 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Brief 69251 Title: Uses of OR (operational research) in business I. Introduction The main characteristic of business has always been the combination of a series of actions that can lead to the creation of a profit for its owner. On the other hand, the volume and the complexity of the above actions have been differentiated because of the changes in the social and the science sectors. However, there is an element of the commercial activity that still remains the same and which seems to define the productivity and the development of the business. This element is the necessity for the presence of a person (or persons) who will have the exclusive task of measuring the uncertainty (regarding the business activities), of allocating the resources, of planning projects and organizing, generally, the administrative force of an enterprise (public or private) in a way that the latter can confront most of the unexpected situations that are related with the business activity. II. Operational Resear ch – Definition and Theories The task of defining the Operational Research to its full meaning and purpose is not an easy one. There have been some definitions, each one from a different point of view but all of them are giving somehow a completed description for the role of the OR in the business environment. According to Duckworth, W. E., Gear, A. E., Lockett (1977, 1) ‘operational research is the study of administrative systems pursued in the same scientific manner in which systems in physics, chemistry and biology are studied in the natural sciences’. The above definition, although a distinctive one we can say, does not refer to the functions of the OR and its specific role in the business environment. Cohen S. S. (1985, 1) states that ‘operational research is the science of planning and executing an operation to make the most economical use of the resources available’. The definition of Cohen seems to be much more completed as it refers to th e role and the aim of OR regarding the business development. On the other hand, Littlechild L.C. (1977) does not refer to a specific definition for the OR but proceed to the presentation of the ten stages that, according to his opinion, have to be followed when applying the OR in business. The stages are Littlechild L.C. (1977, 15-16): ‘1. describe problem in its context, 2. collect preliminary information, 3. define problem explicitly, 4. set study objectives, 5. formulate the OR problems, 6. construct model, 7. collect detailed data, 8. test model, 9. select solution from alternatives, 10. implement and monitor solution’. The above ‘stages’ or steps refer to the methodology that has to be followed during the application of OR in a business environment. These ‘steps’ seem to be a very detailed presentation of the whole functions of OR in a business, however we can notice the lack of the aim and the reasoning of existence of OR. The OR, due to its extended flexibility, can be used in any business environment, bearing in mind that, in its case, we have to adapt the techniques used in OR to the needs of the specific enterprise. III. Techniques and Applications of OR The application of OR have met difficulties especially due to the constant changes of the science and the technology. A theory that has been expressed in order to help to the solution of problems related with the application of technology to the everyday life is the ‘Queueing theory’ (Littlechild L.C. (1977, 160). The above theory, which is based to the existence of queues, is mainly concerned with problems such as: congestion in telephone systems, airports and harbours, machines out of action waiting for repair and so on. Cohen S. S. (1985, 15) refers to ‘Linear Programming’ a technique used ‘to find a combination of different types of activities which fully exploits the available resources – when the restrictions on the resources have a simple algebraic form’. This technique is called ‘Linear Programming’ (Cohen S. S., 1985, 15). Another method, the decision tree one is applied by ‘laying out the available information in a clear and convenient way, known as a decision tree, so that the manager can relatively easy trace out the implications of a particular policy, which corresponds to a particular branch of the tree’ (Kidd J B in Littlechild S. C., 1977, 207). Operational research can also have many other applications in its pure form or in an non – so distinctive role, (see also Duckworth, W. E., Gear, A. E., Lockett 1977, 180-184), like the business forecasting, the corporate planning, the discounted cash flow (DCF) methods, the cost-benefit analysis, the output budgeting and so on. Of course, the techniques of OR used inside each business are in any case adapted to the specific requirements and as a result they can present different formulations and results even when referring to the same industry. Under these circumstances, the problems that may occur during their application are been confronted in a ‘local’ level (Samaddar, S., Rabinowitz, G., Zhang, G. P., 2005). IV. Problems arising when applying the OR in a business environment The application of the OR inside a business has to be adapted to the needs and the requirements of the specific enterprise. First of all the management team that carries out the operational research in order to take decisions for the firm’s strategy, has to take into account the ‘particular national elements’ that characterize the country that this business operates (Pagell, M., Katz, J. P., Sheu, C., 2005, 4, ReVelle, C. S., Eiselt, H. A., 2005). At a next level, there should be paid a lot of attention regarding to the data gathered (i.e. examination of equivalence and accuracy) especially those which were collected through international markets surveys (see also Van Herk, H., Poortinga, Y. H., Verhallen, 2005). When referring to the operational research of a business in general, the knowledge gained or gathered is in any case valuable. Under these circumstances we have to bear in mind when managing, exploiting or transferring it that every measure of safety has be taken in order to avoid its unwilling modification or even its damage (Hall, R., Andriani, P., 2003, Nicolau, J. L., 2005, Guzman, G. A. C., Wilson, J., 2005). We should notice that, the data involved in the OR, cannot give a totally clear and specific image for the firm’s financial future (sometimes there is even uncertainty for the current situation), and it’s the management’s role to handle this problem by relevant measures assuming there are always factors that remain unknown but can have unexpected consequences under circumstances of pressure or of radical changes (see also Herroelen, W., Leus, R., 2004, Ozdemir, M. S., Saaty, T. L., 2004, Cao, Q. , Patterson, W., Bai, X., 2005, Prajogo, D. I., Sohal, A. S., 2004). V. Conclusion The operational research has a decisive role in a business operation, both to its daily activities and to its future strategy. However, in order to achieve its full potential (regarding the business development) it has to be adapted every time in the requirements of the specific enterprise and not to be limited to specific rules and conditions. We should also mention the very important role of the management team towards this direction. The operational research, like every other business activity, needs to be designed, formulated and executed applying a specific methodology – the one that should be evaluated as the most suitable – and under a thorough examination and controlling of the data and the resources involved. In this way it will help directly to the business development and it will not remain just another effort to enforce the productivity and – as a result – the profit. References Brignall, M., ‘Rise: Set course: Operational research’, The Guardian, 21/2/2004, 7 Cao, Q., Patterson, W., Bai, X., (2005), ‘Reexamination of processing time uncertainty’, European Journal of Operational Research, 164, 185-194 Cohen, S. S., Operational Research, 1st edition, 1985 Duckworth, W. E., Gear, A. E., Lockett, A.G., A guide to Operational Research, 3rd edition, 1977 Guzman, G. A. C., Wilson, J., (2005) ‘The ‘soft’ dimension of organizational knowledge transfer’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 9, no 2, 59-74 Hall, R., Andriani, P., (2003), ‘Managing knowledge associated with innovation, Journal of Business Research, vol. 56, 145-152 Herroelen, W., Leus, R., (2004), ‘Project scheduling under uncertainty: Survey and research potentials, European Journal of Operational Research, 165, 289-306 Littlechild, S. C., Operational Research for Managers, 1st edition, 1977 Nicolau, J. L., (2005), ‘Valuing the business environment on a daily basis’, European Journal of Operational Research, 164, 217-224 Ozdemir, M. S., Saaty, T. L., (2004), ‘The unknown in decision making – What to do about it’, European Journal of Operational Research (article in press) Pagell, M., Katz, J. P., Sheu, C., (2005), ‘The importance of national culture in operations management research’, International journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 25, no 4, 2005, 371-394 Prajogo, D. I., Sohal, A. S., (2004), ‘The relationship between organizational strategy, total quality management (TQM), and organization performance – the mediating role of TQM, European Journal of Operational Research, 168, p. 35-50 ReVelle, C. S., Eiselt, H. A., (2005), ‘Location analysis: A synthesis and survey’, European Journal of Operational Research, 165, 1-19 Samaddar, S., Rabinowitz, G., Zhang, G. P., (2005), ‘An experimental analysis of solution performance in a resource sharing and scheduling problem’, European Journal of Operational Research, 165, 139-156 Van Herk, H., Poortinga, Y. H., Verhallen, (2005), ‘Equivalence of survey data: relevance for international marketing’, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 39, no 3/4, p. 351-364 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Uses of operational research in business" essay for you Create order